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Saturday, October 17, 2009

The Andromeda Galaxy



Video Transcript:

What’s Up for October? The Andromeda Galaxy!

十月星空：仙女星系

Hello and welcome. I'm Jane Houston Jones at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
2009 is the International Year of Astronomy. And every month this year we’ll be showcasing a great celestial view. This month it’s the Andromeda Galaxy!

When you look up at the October sky you’ll easily see solar system objects like Jupiter and the moon. You can also see stars, clumps and knots of nebulosity in our Milky Way Galaxy.

十月的星空，你能看到甚麼? 你可以輕易的看到月亮、木星，這些是我們太陽系的星體。你也以看到我們銀河系裡的一些星星、一團星團、或朦朧的星雲。

But did you know you can actually see another galaxy with your own eyes, even without a telescope? The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant easily visible object in the sky, and it’s also the largest and closest spiral galaxy that we can see. It’s visible even under moderate light polluted skies as a misty patch. Through binoculars and telescopes more and more detail is revealed to the observer.

不過，你知道嗎?不需要望遠鏡，只用肉眼就可以看到我們銀河系的鄰居，另一個銀河系，(應該稱為「星系」，「銀河」指的是我們太陽系所在的星系) 那就是「仙女星系」，就在十月的星空! 它是天空中我們可以輕易看到的最遠物體，同時也是我們可以看大的最大、最近的螺旋星系，即使是中度光汙染的天空也看得見。當然，透過雙筒望遠鏡或天文望遠鏡，就可以看得更仔細。

Astronomers have observed the Andromeda galaxy for over a thousand years. Persian astronomer Al-Sufi was the first to record and sketch his observations of what he called “the little cloud”. In 964 he published this observation and many others in his “Book of Fixed Stars”.

天文學家觀察仙女星系已經超過一千年，波斯的天文學家蘇菲 (Al-Sufi) 就是觀測紀錄並描繪這個他所謂「小雲 (the little cloud)」的第一人，天邊那朵「小雲」就收錄在他西元964年出版的「恆星之書 (Book of Fixed Stars)」中。

Since the 16th century many astronomers rediscovered the Andromeda Galaxy unaware of the earlier sightings. Simon Marius first viewed the galaxy through a telescope in 1612.

在16世紀初，許多天文學家在不知早期已經有人觀察到仙女星系而重新發現了它。1612年西門˙馬里烏斯 (Simon Marius) 成為透過望遠鏡看到仙女星系的第一人。

It is also known as M-31 on Charles Messier’s list of objects, although he was aware of some earlier sightings.

仙女星系後來經梅西爾 (Charles Messier) 再度觀測，並編列在梅西爾星表中，編號M-31。

In 1887 the first photograph revealed the spiral structure of the Andromeda Galaxy, which was then known as a nebula. And in the early 20th century Edwin Hubble’s study of Andromeda nebula proved the nebula was not just a star cluster in our own Milky Way, but a separate galaxy.

1887年首張照片揭露星女星系的螺旋構造，當時叫它為「星雲」。到了20世紀早期，愛德溫˙哈伯 (Edwin Hubble) 發現這個「星雲」並不是我們銀河系的星團，而是另一個星系。

NASA's Swift satellite recently acquired the highest-resolution view of a neighboring spiral galaxy ever attained in ultraviolet wavelengths. Swift revealed about 20,000 ultraviolet sources in the Andromeda Galaxy, especially hot, young stars and dense star clusters.

美國太空總署的史威福觀測衛星 (Swift satellite) 最近拍到這個鄰近螺旋星系有史以來最高解析度的紫外線照片，顯示其中有2萬個紫外線光源，主要是炙熱的、年輕的星星以及高密度的星團。

美國太空總署的史匹哲太空望遠鏡、星系演化探索者號以及錢卓錢卓X光太空天文台光也以紅外線、紫外線以及X光來觀測仙女星系。

In addition to the Andromeda Galaxy, you can still catch a great view of our Milky Way galaxy this month. Both are nearly overhead, but while distant Andromeda is seen as a fuzzy oval in the constellation Andromeda, the Milky Way spans the sky from east to overhead to the west. It’s a gorgeous site from a dark sky again this month.

十月的星空，除了仙女星系外，你也可以看看我們的銀河系。兩者都接近天頂，仙女星系呈現模糊的橢圓，出現在仙女星座，而我們的銀河則從東到西跨過我們的頭頂。找個沒有光害的地方，欣賞這個燦爛的星空!

Back to our solar system, Jupiter reigns as king of the planets in the western sky and Mars will rise before midnight by the end of the month, making it a late night pumpkin-colored treat on Halloween. 

回到我們的太陽系，木星這個月仍然稱霸西方天空，火星在本月底午夜會從東方升起，為萬聖節的深夜添抹南瓜色彩。

You can learn all about NASA's missions at www.nasa.gov

That’s all for this month, I’m Jane Houston Jones.

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For more informations, please visit the following links:

請參考下列網頁以獲得更多資訊:

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Saturday, September 12, 2009

The Planet Jupiter


Video Transcript:
What’s Up for September: Jupiter
Hello and welcome. I’m Jane Houston Jones at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

2009 is International Year of Astronomy. Each month this year we’ll be showcasing a great celestial object, and this month it’s the planet Jupiter. We’ll also be telling you about Juno, a mission to that giant planet, which launches in 2011.

Jupiter is the brightest object in the evening sky this month. Through a telescope you can see cloud bands on Jupiter. In July a small comet or icy body crashed into Jupiter’s southern polar area and left a black bruise. This new, dark feature was discovered by Anthony Wesley, an amateur astronomer in Australia. This spot captivated Jupiter observers for over a month while Jupiter’s atmosphere distorted its shape. And it finally dissipated. This amazing feature has been imaged and studied by amateur and professional astronomers around the world.

Jupiter also has four large satellites, three of which are larger than our own moon. These four moons were discovered by Galileo 400 years ago. You can see them yourself with a small telescope or even binoculars,and watch them move around the planet just as Galileo did!

NASA’s spacecraft named for Galileo ended its exploration of Jupiter six years ago. The next mission to Jupiter, called Juno, will launch in 2011. Juno will be the first solar-powered spacecraft to visit an outer planet and the first to have a polar orbit around an outer planet. This gives Juno a unique view of the planet, including the polar auroras – the northern and southern lights. It also lets the spacecraft get very close to Jupiter, while avoiding the planet’s dangerous radiation belts. Juno will look for important clues about Jupiter's formation by measuring how much water is there. It will also investigate the planet’s internal structure, searching for a central core, and will learn how and where inside the planet Jupiter’s powerful magnetic field is generated. The mission will look deeper into Jupiter than we’ve ever been able to before to see how the planet’s visible atmosphere
and features, like the famous Great Red Spot, are shaped by currents in Jupiter’s deep interior.

Jupiter rules the evening skies this month, so go out and take a look!

And Juno arrives at this king of the planets in 2016. There’s one other object in the evening sky this month worth mentioning. The asteroid Juno,one of the first four asteroids ever discovered, is bright enough to see with a pair of binoculars this month. All you have to know is where to look.

You can learn all about NASA’s missions at www.nasa.gov.

That’s all for this month. I’m Jane Houston Jones.

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九月星空—木星

在本(九)月份，吃過晚飯出去散步，會發現偏東方有一顆最亮的星，就是木星。透過望遠鏡看木星，可以看到它的條紋雲帶。

今年(2009)七月，有一顆小彗星撞上木星的南極地區，留下一個黑色疤痕。七月20日，澳洲的業餘天文學家Anthony Wesley(安東尼˙衛斯理)發現這個新的黑斑，接下來的一個多月，木星大氣逐漸扭曲黑斑的形狀，終致消失。

木星有四顆大衛星，其中三顆比我們的月亮還大。這四棵木星的月亮是伽利略在四百年前發現的，透過小望遠鏡，甚至雙筒望遠鏡就可以看到。如果觀測時間長一點，你會像加利略一樣，發現它們繞著木星運動。

NASA(美國太空總署)的伽利略號太空船對木星的探測任務已經在六年前結束。新的木星任務叫「Juno(朱諾，或婚神星)」，將於2011年發射，2016年到達木星。Juno將是第一艘拜訪外行星的太陽動力太空船，也是第一艘以繞極軌道環繞外行星的太空船。這使Juno得以獨特的角度來觀察木星，包括對木星南北極光的觀測。也使Juno得以在非常靠近木星的軌道上運轉，同時避開其危險的輻射帶。Juno太空船將藉由測量木星上有多少水來尋找木星形成的重要線索。同時也要研究木星的內部構造，搜尋期中心核，以及木星的強力磁場產生於內部何處，又如何產生。

這個任務將比以往更能深入了解木星的大氣及其構造，如大紅斑 ，其形狀如何受到深層內部的大氣流動影響。

本月份的前半夜，在你睡覺之前，帶著雙筒望眼鏡，到外面去看看那顆目前全天最亮的星—木星，再順便看一下Juno(婚神)小行星。婚神星是四顆最早發現的小行星之一。

請參考下列網頁以獲得更多資訊:

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Tuesday, September 4, 2007

The Sun Was Walking His Dogs During Sunset!


These pictures were taken at about 5:30 on Sep. 3, 2007 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The Sun was flanked by two sundogs.

Sundog, also called parhelion or mock sun, is an atmospheric optical phenomenon. It forms when sunlight is refracted by horizontally oriented hexagonal plate ice crystals with diameters larger than 30 micrometers.

The following links provide two more sundog pictures from NASA:
APOD: 2006 September 23 - Triple Sunrise
APOD: 1999 August 23 - Sundogs over the VLA

For more deeper information, please visit the following websites:
Sundogs: mock suns or parhelia
Sundogs (parhelia)


太陽溜狗

2007/9/3下午大約5:30時高雄西方天空突然出現異象。太陽兩旁約22度位置與太陽同高處出現兩個彩色光點，右邊光點維持約3分鐘後消失，左邊光點則持續到日落。這個大氣光學現象稱為「幻日」，又稱「假日」，英文俗稱「日狗」。

「幻日」是由於陽光被六角形扁平冰晶的垂直面折射所致。產生幻日的冰晶直徑要大於30微米，下落時像落葉因空氣阻力使得扁平面保持水平。

下列「幻日」圖片是成功大學翻譯的NASA每日一圖中文網頁：

相關中文解釋請看：
大氣光象
大氣的光與色彩
(Photos by author)
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Friday, June 29, 2007

Sunrise with Corona from Southern Central Mountains in Taiwan

A beautiful corona captured in February 'o3 by Edward Lin at Lidao, a small township in southern Central Mountain Range, Taiwan.

A corona forms as sunlight is diffracted by small particles, e.g. cloud droplets, small ice crystals. It is much smaller than 22 degrees halo.
日華乍現日出南橫

照片拍攝於2003年2月，南橫利稻。「華」是光線被高空中的微粒(如微小水滴或冰晶)繞射形成的現象，對太陽而言就叫日華，對月亮則是月華。「 華」比「暈」小許多，而且成因不同。
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Thursday, June 28, 2007

A Sun Halo Over Kaohsiung, Taiwan

These pictures were taken in Kaohsiung at noon on June 28, 2007.

Is it a circular rainbow? No. It's a sun halo. When sunlight passes through an ice crystal, it is refracted. It bends 22 degrees toward the observer from its original direction. The formation of a halo is different from that of a rainbow. A rainbow develops when sunlight enters a water droplet and is refracted and reflected. The sunlight bends about 140 degrees for primary rainbow and about 130 degrees for secondary rainbow from its original direction.

There are some pictures with brief explanations about sun halo from NASA:
1. APOD: 2006 April 11 - A Sun Halo over Utah
2. APOD: 2006 June 13 - Driving Toward a Sun Halo
3. APOD: 2002 January 14 - Sun Halo at Winter Solstice

Here is a wonderful website, Atmospheric Optics.

日暈現高雄

今天(2007/6/28)中午高雄出現日暈。日暈不是彩虹。當光線穿過高空的冰晶時，因折射而偏離原來方向22度，就會在光源周圍形成22度暈，光源如果是太陽就叫日暈，如果是月亮就叫月暈。
彩虹則是太陽光經高空中的小水滴折射及反射所形成，對虹而言光線偏離原方向約140度，而霓(即第二道彩虹，在虹的外圍)則偏離約130度。

下面是有關日暈的一些網站，NASA提供，成大物理系翻譯：
APOD: 2006 April 11 - A Sun Halo over Utah
APOD: 2006 June 13 - Driving Toward a Sun Halo
APOD: 2002 January 14 - Sun Halo at Winter Solstice

這個網站很棒，值得用力推薦，可惜沒有翻譯！Atmospheric Optics
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Saturday, June 9, 2007

CPC Has Changed Its Name!

CPC Stands for Chinese Petroleum Corporation no more! Its name has changed from the abbreviation, CPC, to just a name CPC Corporation. In other words, CPC stands for nothing now, and is just a name but cannot pronounce.

「國石」已移除

「國石」－－「國」家的「石」頭 終於搬掉了！中油終於只是一個名字，不再代表「中國石油」，不過不知「中」代表什麼？是象形字嗎？「口」代表地層？「l」代表穿過地層的鑽油井？
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Wednesday, June 6, 2007

Owl Police Station

Do the polices stay up all night like the owls?

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